After that, many aspects of the disease were studied and showed that early blight is a very common disease of both Tomato and Potato. The most critical early work was that of Jones during the period 1891 – 1903 Until 1945 where extensive research on the disease was done Walker (1952). The disease was first described in New Jersey (U.S.A) in 1882 and later by. Epidemics can also occur in semi-arid climates where frequent and prolonged nightly dews occur (Rotem, 1994). This disease, which in severe cases can lead to complete defoliation, is most damaging on tomato (Peralta etal., 2005)in regions with heavy rainfall, high humidity, and fairly high temperatures (24°–29☌). Explore the antifungal potentials of different formulations of some higher plants and fungicide against infection of tomato plant under field conditions.Įarly blight is the major fungal disease of tomato caused by the fungus Alternaria alternata.(Ellis and Martin, 1971).Isolate and identify the genus Alternaria.The main objective of this study is to improve tomato productivity by developing a package of integrated control measures that offer several options for farmers to manage early blight disease of tomato in White Nile State production areas. In the Sudan it is the second most important vegetable crop of Onion it is produced in a wide area around large cities along the Nile and on seasonally flooded plains.
It was taken to Europe by the earlier invaders and from there to North and South America and the rest of the world. It was described by Hansen (2000) as an ancient vegetable crop which originated in Peru, South America. Tomato Lycopersicon esculentumL is a member of the family Solanaceae (Shread, 1966). The crop is grown mainly to be used either fresh or cooked mixed with other vegetables. Total production in Sudan reached 529,200 tons in 2012 produced from 37,044 hectares and increased to 617,400 tons in 2016 produced from 46,746 hectares ((FAO, 2006, 2018). In the Sudan the tomato is considered as one of the major vegetable crops due to its economics and nutritional value and being one of the main cash vegetable crops. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.(Synonoum Lycopersicon esculentum (Mill) (Peralta et al., 2005), whichis believed to have originated in the coastal strip of western America (Papadopoulos,1991), is belonging to the important fruit vegetables for human nutrition Thus cultivated across all continents (Anon, 2009). Obviously, the present study is presenting for the first in Sudan the highly effective method for control of early blight disease in tomato using argel powder at planting time. The current results were considered promising and encouraging to carry out a photochemical analysis of Argel plant using different solvents so as to determine the bioactive ingredient in the plant. The yield was almost doubled by application of the forgoing products giving a total of 41.6, 46.0 and 36.0 Kg per treatment respectively compared to control 23.1 Kg. Apparently, there was also obtained a high yield gains in this study upon treatments of tomato with those three products. Beneficial effects expressed as reduction in percent of fruits infected were also recorded due to application of these three treatments. However, the effect of Neem leaves extracts at the three concentrations, 25, 50 and 100% was the lowest in disease control, at the forth counts 8.67, 9.67 and 10.33% respectively, compared to the other treatments and this was an indication of inefficacy. It is noteworthy that those encouraging results were confirmed by the same experiment repeated the season after. The result showed an invariably high effect on disease incidence obtained by the concentrations of Neem oil at 5ml/l, argel at 5gm/hole and seed star 42 at 5 gm/Kg seeds which gave almost 100% disease control where the percent was 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 at the forth count respectively compared to control which was 16.33. The assessment of the treatments effects on the pathogen was recorded as percentage disease incidence.
EARLY BLIGHT TOMATO NEEM OIL PLUS
This in addition to argel 5gm powder per hole and the fungicide seed star 42 at the rate of 5 gm/Kg seeds as seed dressing plus the control. Neem oil, aqueous extracts of plants leaves of argel, Neem and usher plus mesquite plant fruits extract, as follow 2.5, 5 and 10 ml/l and 25, 50 and 100% for each of the extracts respectively. Three concentrations were tested from each of the natural products e.g. To manage the disease, the study involved the investigation of the effect of different concentrations of natural products formulations and fungicide, Seed Star 42, on the incidence of the disease under natural infection conditions for two successive seasons.
EARLY BLIGHT TOMATO NEEM OIL PDF
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